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Kumar, Suresh

Characterization of Major Inorganic Ions in Precipitation in Area of Hisar, India

Abstract Views :283 | PDF Views:113

Authors

Suresh Kumar ¹, P. R. Salve ², K. Gopal ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, C.R.M. Jat (P.G.) College, Hisar-125001, IN
2 National Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Nagpur (M.S), IN
3 The Academy of Environmental Biology, Lucknow, IN

Source

Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 13, No 3-4 (2013), Pagination: 67-73

Abstract

The rainwater samples were collected on event basis during June-July-August-2012 and were analyzed for pH, major anions (Cl, NO₃, SO₄) and cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH₄). The pH value varied from 6.0 to 3 4 4 7.2 indicating alkaline nature of rainwater. The pH of the rainwater was found well above the reference pH (5.6), showing alkalinity during the monsoon season. The average and standard deviation of ionic composition was found to be 98.1±9.8 l eq L-1. The total anions contribute 48% and cations 52%, respectively to rainwater. Neutralization factors (NF) followed a sequence of NFCaNFMg (NFNH₄) with factors of 1.1, 0.36 4 and 0.16 indicating the crystal components are responsible for neutralization of anions. The average ratio of (NO₃+ Cl)/SO₄ observed as 1.2 indicates that nitric and hydrochloric acid influences the acidity of rainwater. 3 4 The ratio of NH₄/NO₃ and NH₄/SO₄ was observed as 0.7 and 0.3 thus indicates that the possible compounds which may predominate in the atmosphere are NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄. Ionic correlation was established to 4 3 4 2 4 identify sources of origin. A good correlation was seen between Ca and Mg (r = 0.98); suggesting the common occurrence of these ions from crustal origin. Similarly, the acidic ions SO₄ and NO₃ correlated well (r = 70) indicating their origin from similar sources. Other relatively significant correlations were observed between Ca and SO₄ (r=0.93), Mg and SO₄ (r=0.76), Ca and NO₃ (r=0.07), Ca and Cl (r=0.28) and Mg and Cl (r=0.32), and Mg and NO₃ (r=0.69). The observed rainwater ratio of Cl/Na (1.4) is closer to that of seawater ratio (1.18) 3 indicates fractionation of sea-salt and modifications by non-marine constituents as the site is 2040 km away from the sea coast. The nss-Ca contribution was observed as 95.7% suggesting their crustal origin whereas nss-Mg and nss-K shows their contribution as 86.8% and 83.9% indicating influence of soil sources. The nss-SO₄ contributed as 86.7% shows anthropogenic origin.

Keywords

Anthropogenic, Sea Water, Anion, Cation, pH, Rainwater, Fractionation.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Rain Water Collected from Industrial Areas of Hisar, India

Abstract Views :296 | PDF Views:128

Authors

Suresh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, CRM Jat (PG) College, Hisar-125001, IN

Source

Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 16, No 3-4 (2016), Pagination: 97-102

Abstract

Rain water samples were collected from five locations from Jindal Chowk, Red Square Market, Grain Market, Milgate and Gangwa of Hisar for physico-chemical properties of rain water, during the months of June, July and August 2013. The first four locations were industrial and market layouts while the last one was a rural, non-industrialized community on the outskirt of Hisar. The result of the rainwater samples indicated the average values of colour (6.6, 6.0, 6.2, 6.0 and 5.0 Hazen units); turbidity (0.18, 0.162, 0.161, 0.163 and 0.16 NTU); chloride (14,12.6, 13.3, 12.6 and 10.6 mg/l); total hardness (23.0, 21.3, 22.0, 15.1 and 14.3 mg/l) at Jindal Chowk, Red Square Market, Grain Market, Milgate and Gangwa respectively. The pH values of the rain water from the four industrial locations indicated slightly acidic i.e. pH<6.6 in the month of June 2013. In this study a correlation was established between the industrial sites and rainwater that water became acidic due the gases emitted by industries.

Keywords

Industrial, Physico-Chemical, Pollution, Rainwater, Season.

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References

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Effect of Vermicompost on the Growth Performance of Indian Major Carps in Fish Rearing Pond

Abstract Views :225 | PDF Views:103

Authors

Suresh Kumar ¹, Sunita Godara ¹

Affiliations
1 CRM Jat (P. G.) College, Hisar – 125001, Haryana, IN

Source

Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 19, No 1-2 (2019), Pagination: 56-64

Abstract

Different organic manures vermicompost @ 15000, vermicompost @ 10000, cow dung @ 10000, poultry manure @ 6000, pig manure @ 4000 kg/ha/yr and control used to monitored their effect on growth performance of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. The results revealed that all the three species gained maximum length in vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr followed by vermicompost @ 15,000 kg/ha/yr, cow dung @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr, poultry manure @ 6,000 kg/ha/yr, pig manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr and control. Among the 3 species C. mrigala showed maximum increase in body length which was 33.4 cm followed by L. rohita and C. catla was 32.1, 31.3 cm in vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr treatment. The minimum length of C. mrigala, L. rohita, C. catla observed in pond treated control. But in case of C. mrigala, the result revealed that the maximum increase in body length in vermicompost > poultry manure > cow dung > pig manure and control, respectively. All the three species gained maximum growth in vermicompost. Among the 3 species L. rohita showed maximum growth followed by C. catla and C. mrigala. There was two times more growth of Indian major carps in pond treated with vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr as compared to control.

Keywords

Carp, Growth, Manure, Poultry, Vermicompost.

Full Text

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Algal Biomass to Bio-Energy:Recent Advances

Abstract Views :369 | PDF Views:130

Authors

Suresh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, CRM Jat (P. G.) College, Hisar – 125001, Haryana, IN

Source

Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 19, No 3&4 (2019), Pagination: 78-85

Abstract

The crops, grasses, trees, algae and cyano-bacteria in the presence of sun perform photosynthesis and store chemical energy in a wide range of feed stocks such as starch, sugars and lipids that can be used for the production of biofuels. The crop plants such as sugar cane, oil palm, sugar beet, rapeseed soyabeans, wheat and corn are extensively used for the production of biofuels such as ethanol, diesel and methane. Due to increasing world population and extensive droughts in major regions pressure on food supplies has resulted in growing concern and has led to a heated food versus fuel debate. Biofuel systems that do not require arable land is developed and these include lingo cellulosic processes which convert cellulose-based products from plants into liquid fuels. Myscanthus, Camelina, Switchgrass, Sorghum, and Poplar trees are some of good source of biofuel at present. The success of these systems is depend on research and development of energy-efficient manufacturing processes, typically enzymatic lignin digestion processes, although chemical digestion methods are also under investigation. Due to demand for large amounts of enzyme appears to be as mountable challenge, ultimately this technology might also contribute to food versus fuel concerns because of its dependence on forest. This in turn could lead to a forest versus fuel issue, unless waste products from agricultural and forestry systems are exclusively used, or feed stocks produced on non-arable land can be developed. Although these crops can be grown on non-arable land, their productivity remains linked to soil fertility and water supply, and the scale of cultivation required to make a meaningful contribution towards global energy consumption will inevitably require lands that are currently used for food production or forestry. Many micro algae can be grown in saline water and are able to produce a wide range of feed stocks for the production of biofuels, including biodiesel, methane, ethanol, butanol and hydrogen, based on their efficient production of starch, sugars and oils.

Keywords

Algae, Biofuel, Enzyme, Popular, Sorghum, Starch, Waste.

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Impact of Vermicompost Manure on Microbial Population in Carp Rearing Pond

Abstract Views :272 | PDF Views:111

Authors

Suresh Kumar ¹, S. Godara ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, CRM Jat (P.G.) College, Hisar – 125001, Haryana, IN

Source

Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 19, No 3&4 (2019), Pagination: 86-95

Abstract

Effect of vermicompost, poultry manure, cow dung and pig manure used to monitor on microbial population in carp rearing pond water of Indian carp fviz. Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. The fingerlings stocked @ 30 fish per pond in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 3. The bacterial strains isolated in ponds water treated with different manures were seven gram negative (A. hydrophilla, E. coli, E. aerogens, Shigella sp., K. oxytoca, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens) and three gram positive (M. luteus, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp.). The average counts of heterotrophic pathogenic bacteria in poultry manure founded to be maximum in decreasing order followed by pig manure, cow dung, vermicompost, vermicompost and control, respectively. However, bacteria, E. aerogens, P. fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, Shigella sp., K. oxytoca and Streptococcus sp. found absent in vermicompost treatments. All the three species gained maximum growth in vermicompost followed by cow dung > poultry manure and pig manure.

Keywords

Heterotrophic, Manures, Major Carp, Microbial, Pathogenic.

Full Text

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